--- a/net/minecraft/world/level/GameRules.java
+++ b/net/minecraft/world/level/GameRules.java
@@ -32,6 +_,14 @@
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 
 public class GameRules {
+    // Paper start - allow disabling gamerule limits
+    private static final boolean DISABLE_LIMITS = Boolean.getBoolean("paper.disableGameRuleLimits");
+
+    private static int limit(final int limit, final int unlimited) {
+        return DISABLE_LIMITS ? unlimited : limit;
+    }
+    // Paper end - allow disabling gamerule limits
+
     public static final int DEFAULT_RANDOM_TICK_SPEED = 3;
     static final Logger LOGGER = LogUtils.getLogger();
     private static final Map<GameRules.Key<?>, GameRules.Type<?>> GAME_RULE_TYPES = Maps.newTreeMap(Comparator.comparing(entry -> entry.id));
@@ -81,10 +_,10 @@
         "sendCommandFeedback", GameRules.Category.CHAT, GameRules.BooleanValue.create(true)
     );
     public static final GameRules.Key<GameRules.BooleanValue> RULE_REDUCEDDEBUGINFO = register(
-        "reducedDebugInfo", GameRules.Category.MISC, GameRules.BooleanValue.create(false, (server, value) -> {
+        "reducedDebugInfo", GameRules.Category.MISC, GameRules.BooleanValue.create(false, (level, value) -> { // Paper - rename param to match changes
             byte b = (byte)(value.get() ? 22 : 23);
 
-            for (ServerPlayer serverPlayer : server.getPlayerList().getPlayers()) {
+            for (ServerPlayer serverPlayer : level.players()) {
                 serverPlayer.connection.send(new ClientboundEntityEventPacket(serverPlayer, b));
             }
         })
@@ -108,8 +_,8 @@
         "doWeatherCycle", GameRules.Category.UPDATES, GameRules.BooleanValue.create(true)
     );
     public static final GameRules.Key<GameRules.BooleanValue> RULE_LIMITED_CRAFTING = register(
-        "doLimitedCrafting", GameRules.Category.PLAYER, GameRules.BooleanValue.create(false, (server, value) -> {
-            for (ServerPlayer serverPlayer : server.getPlayerList().getPlayers()) {
+        "doLimitedCrafting", GameRules.Category.PLAYER, GameRules.BooleanValue.create(false, (level, value) -> { // Paper - rename param to match changes
+            for (ServerPlayer serverPlayer : level.players()) {
                 serverPlayer.connection.send(new ClientboundGameEventPacket(ClientboundGameEventPacket.LIMITED_CRAFTING, value.get() ? 1.0F : 0.0F));
             }
         })
@@ -133,8 +_,8 @@
         "doInsomnia", GameRules.Category.SPAWNING, GameRules.BooleanValue.create(true)
     );
     public static final GameRules.Key<GameRules.BooleanValue> RULE_DO_IMMEDIATE_RESPAWN = register(
-        "doImmediateRespawn", GameRules.Category.PLAYER, GameRules.BooleanValue.create(false, (server, value) -> {
-            for (ServerPlayer serverPlayer : server.getPlayerList().getPlayers()) {
+        "doImmediateRespawn", GameRules.Category.PLAYER, GameRules.BooleanValue.create(false, (level, value) -> { // Paper - rename param to match changes
+            for (ServerPlayer serverPlayer : level.players()) {
                 serverPlayer.connection.send(new ClientboundGameEventPacket(ClientboundGameEventPacket.IMMEDIATE_RESPAWN, value.get() ? 1.0F : 0.0F));
             }
         })
@@ -205,16 +_,17 @@
     public static final GameRules.Key<GameRules.IntegerValue> RULE_MINECART_MAX_SPEED = register(
         "minecartMaxSpeed",
         GameRules.Category.MISC,
-        GameRules.IntegerValue.create(8, 1, 1000, FeatureFlagSet.of(FeatureFlags.MINECART_IMPROVEMENTS), (server, value) -> {})
+        GameRules.IntegerValue.create(8, 1, limit(1000, Integer.MAX_VALUE), FeatureFlagSet.of(FeatureFlags.MINECART_IMPROVEMENTS), (server, value) -> {}) // Paper - allow disabling gamerule limits
     );
     public static final GameRules.Key<GameRules.IntegerValue> RULE_SPAWN_CHUNK_RADIUS = register(
-        "spawnChunkRadius", GameRules.Category.MISC, GameRules.IntegerValue.create(2, 0, 32, FeatureFlagSet.of(), (server, value) -> {
-            ServerLevel serverLevel = server.overworld();
+        "spawnChunkRadius", GameRules.Category.MISC, GameRules.IntegerValue.create(2, 0, limit(32, Integer.MAX_VALUE), FeatureFlagSet.of(), (level, value) -> { // Paper - allow disabling gamerule limits - also, rename param
+            ServerLevel serverLevel = level; // CraftBukkit - per-world
             serverLevel.setDefaultSpawnPos(serverLevel.getSharedSpawnPos(), serverLevel.getSharedSpawnAngle());
         })
     );
     private final Map<GameRules.Key<?>, GameRules.Value<?>> rules;
     private final FeatureFlagSet enabledFeatures;
+    private final GameRules.Value<?>[] gameruleArray; // Paper - Perf: Use array for gamerule storage
 
     private static <T extends GameRules.Value<T>> GameRules.Key<T> register(String name, GameRules.Category category, GameRules.Type<T> type) {
         GameRules.Key<T> key = new GameRules.Key<>(name, category);
@@ -242,10 +_,21 @@
     private GameRules(Map<GameRules.Key<?>, GameRules.Value<?>> rules, FeatureFlagSet enabledFeatures) {
         this.rules = rules;
         this.enabledFeatures = enabledFeatures;
+
+        // Paper start - Perf: Use array for gamerule storage
+        int arraySize = GameRules.Key.lastGameRuleIndex + 1;
+        GameRules.Value<?>[] values = new GameRules.Value[arraySize];
+
+        for (Entry<GameRules.Key<?>, GameRules.Value<?>> entry : rules.entrySet()) {
+            values[entry.getKey().gameRuleIndex] = entry.getValue();
+        }
+
+        this.gameruleArray = values;
+        // Paper end - Perf: Use array for gamerule storage
     }
 
     public <T extends GameRules.Value<T>> T getRule(GameRules.Key<T> key) {
-        T value = (T)this.rules.get(key);
+        T value = key == null ? null : (T) this.gameruleArray[key.gameRuleIndex]; // Paper - Perf: Use array for gamerule storage
         if (value == null) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Tried to access invalid game rule");
         } else {
@@ -286,13 +_,13 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public void assignFrom(GameRules rules, @Nullable MinecraftServer server) {
-        rules.rules.keySet().forEach(key -> this.assignCap((GameRules.Key<?>)key, rules, server));
+    public void assignFrom(GameRules rules, @Nullable ServerLevel level) { // CraftBukkit - per-world
+        rules.rules.keySet().forEach(key -> this.assignCap((GameRules.Key<?>)key, rules, level)); // CraftBukkit - per-world
     }
 
-    private <T extends GameRules.Value<T>> void assignCap(GameRules.Key<T> key, GameRules rules, @Nullable MinecraftServer server) {
+    private <T extends GameRules.Value<T>> void assignCap(GameRules.Key<T> key, GameRules rules, @Nullable ServerLevel level) { // CraftBukkit - per-world
         T rule = rules.getRule(key);
-        this.<T>getRule(key).setFrom(rule, server);
+        this.<T>getRule(key).setFrom(rule, level); // CraftBukkit - per-world
     }
 
     public boolean getBoolean(GameRules.Key<GameRules.BooleanValue> key) {
@@ -306,7 +_,7 @@
     public static class BooleanValue extends GameRules.Value<GameRules.BooleanValue> {
         private boolean value;
 
-        static GameRules.Type<GameRules.BooleanValue> create(boolean defaultValue, BiConsumer<MinecraftServer, GameRules.BooleanValue> changeListener) {
+        static GameRules.Type<GameRules.BooleanValue> create(boolean defaultValue, BiConsumer<ServerLevel, GameRules.BooleanValue> changeListener) { // CraftBukkit - per-world
             return new GameRules.Type<>(
                 BoolArgumentType::bool,
                 type -> new GameRules.BooleanValue(type, defaultValue),
@@ -326,17 +_,21 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        protected void updateFromArgument(CommandContext<CommandSourceStack> context, String paramName) {
-            this.value = BoolArgumentType.getBool(context, paramName);
+        // Paper start - Add WorldGameRuleChangeEvent
+        protected void updateFromArgument(CommandContext<CommandSourceStack> context, String paramName, GameRules.Key<BooleanValue> gameRuleKey) {
+            io.papermc.paper.event.world.WorldGameRuleChangeEvent event = new io.papermc.paper.event.world.WorldGameRuleChangeEvent(context.getSource().getBukkitWorld(), context.getSource().getBukkitSender(), (org.bukkit.GameRule<Boolean>) org.bukkit.GameRule.getByName(gameRuleKey.toString()), String.valueOf(BoolArgumentType.getBool(context, paramName)));
+            if (!event.callEvent()) return;
+            this.value = Boolean.parseBoolean(event.getValue());
+        // Paper end - Add WorldGameRuleChangeEvent
         }
 
         public boolean get() {
             return this.value;
         }
 
-        public void set(boolean value, @Nullable MinecraftServer server) {
+        public void set(boolean value, @Nullable ServerLevel level) { // CraftBukkit - per-world
             this.value = value;
-            this.onChanged(server);
+            this.onChanged(level); // CraftBukkit - per-world
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -345,7 +_,7 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        protected void deserialize(String value) {
+        public void deserialize(String value) { // PAIL - protected->public
             this.value = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
         }
 
@@ -365,9 +_,9 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void setFrom(GameRules.BooleanValue value, @Nullable MinecraftServer server) {
+        public void setFrom(GameRules.BooleanValue value, @Nullable ServerLevel level) { // CraftBukkit - per-world
             this.value = value.value;
-            this.onChanged(server);
+            this.onChanged(level); // CraftBukkit - per-world
         }
     }
 
@@ -405,7 +_,7 @@
     public static class IntegerValue extends GameRules.Value<GameRules.IntegerValue> {
         private int value;
 
-        private static GameRules.Type<GameRules.IntegerValue> create(int defaultValue, BiConsumer<MinecraftServer, GameRules.IntegerValue> changeListener) {
+        private static GameRules.Type<GameRules.IntegerValue> create(int defaultValue, BiConsumer<ServerLevel, GameRules.IntegerValue> changeListener) { // CraftBukkit - per-world
             return new GameRules.Type<>(
                 IntegerArgumentType::integer,
                 type -> new GameRules.IntegerValue(type, defaultValue),
@@ -416,7 +_,7 @@
         }
 
         static GameRules.Type<GameRules.IntegerValue> create(
-            int defaultValue, int min, int max, FeatureFlagSet requiredFeatures, BiConsumer<MinecraftServer, GameRules.IntegerValue> changeListener
+            int defaultValue, int min, int max, FeatureFlagSet requiredFeatures, BiConsumer<ServerLevel, GameRules.IntegerValue> changeListener // CraftBukkit - per-world
         ) {
             return new GameRules.Type<>(
                 () -> IntegerArgumentType.integer(min, max),
@@ -437,17 +_,21 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        protected void updateFromArgument(CommandContext<CommandSourceStack> context, String paramName) {
-            this.value = IntegerArgumentType.getInteger(context, paramName);
+        // Paper start - Add WorldGameRuleChangeEvent
+        protected void updateFromArgument(CommandContext<CommandSourceStack> context, String paramName, GameRules.Key<IntegerValue> gameRuleKey) {
+            io.papermc.paper.event.world.WorldGameRuleChangeEvent event = new io.papermc.paper.event.world.WorldGameRuleChangeEvent(context.getSource().getBukkitWorld(), context.getSource().getBukkitSender(), (org.bukkit.GameRule<Integer>) org.bukkit.GameRule.getByName(gameRuleKey.toString()), String.valueOf(IntegerArgumentType.getInteger(context, paramName)));
+            if (!event.callEvent()) return;
+            this.value = Integer.parseInt(event.getValue());
+        // Paper end - Add WorldGameRuleChangeEvent
         }
 
         public int get() {
             return this.value;
         }
 
-        public void set(int value, @Nullable MinecraftServer server) {
+        public void set(int value, @Nullable ServerLevel level) { // CraftBukkit - per-world
             this.value = value;
-            this.onChanged(server);
+            this.onChanged(level); // CraftBukkit - per-world
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -456,7 +_,7 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        protected void deserialize(String value) {
+        public void deserialize(String value) { // PAIL - protected->public
             this.value = safeParse(value);
         }
 
@@ -498,13 +_,17 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void setFrom(GameRules.IntegerValue value, @Nullable MinecraftServer server) {
+        public void setFrom(GameRules.IntegerValue value, @Nullable ServerLevel level) { // CraftBukkit - per-world
             this.value = value.value;
-            this.onChanged(server);
+            this.onChanged(level); // CraftBukkit - per-world
         }
     }
 
     public static final class Key<T extends GameRules.Value<T>> {
+        // Paper start - Perf: Use array for gamerule storage
+        public static int lastGameRuleIndex = 0;
+        public final int gameRuleIndex = lastGameRuleIndex++;
+        // Paper end - Perf: Use array for gamerule storage
         final String id;
         private final GameRules.Category category;
 
@@ -544,14 +_,14 @@
     public static class Type<T extends GameRules.Value<T>> {
         final Supplier<ArgumentType<?>> argument;
         private final Function<GameRules.Type<T>, T> constructor;
-        final BiConsumer<MinecraftServer, T> callback;
+        final BiConsumer<ServerLevel, T> callback; // CraftBukkit - per-world
         private final GameRules.VisitorCaller<T> visitorCaller;
         final FeatureFlagSet requiredFeatures;
 
         Type(
             Supplier<ArgumentType<?>> argument,
             Function<GameRules.Type<T>, T> constructor,
-            BiConsumer<MinecraftServer, T> callback,
+            BiConsumer<ServerLevel, T> callback, // CraftBukkit - per-world
             GameRules.VisitorCaller<T> visitorCaller,
             FeatureFlagSet requiredFeature
         ) {
@@ -586,20 +_,20 @@
             this.type = type;
         }
 
-        protected abstract void updateFromArgument(CommandContext<CommandSourceStack> context, String paramName);
+        protected abstract void updateFromArgument(CommandContext<CommandSourceStack> context, String paramName, GameRules.Key<T> gameRuleKey); // Paper - Add WorldGameRuleChangeEvent
 
-        public void setFromArgument(CommandContext<CommandSourceStack> context, String paramName) {
-            this.updateFromArgument(context, paramName);
-            this.onChanged(context.getSource().getServer());
+        public void setFromArgument(CommandContext<CommandSourceStack> context, String paramName, GameRules.Key<T> gameRuleKey) { // Paper - Add WorldGameRuleChangeEvent
+            this.updateFromArgument(context, paramName, gameRuleKey); // Paper - Add WorldGameRuleChangeEvent
+            this.onChanged(context.getSource().getLevel()); // CraftBukkit - per-world
         }
 
-        protected void onChanged(@Nullable MinecraftServer server) {
-            if (server != null) {
-                this.type.callback.accept(server, this.getSelf());
+        public void onChanged(@Nullable ServerLevel level) { // CraftBukkit - per-world
+            if (level != null) { // CraftBukkit - per-world
+                this.type.callback.accept(level, this.getSelf()); // CraftBukkit - per-world
             }
         }
 
-        protected abstract void deserialize(String value);
+        public abstract void deserialize(String value); // PAIL - private->public
 
         public abstract String serialize();
 
@@ -614,7 +_,7 @@
 
         protected abstract T copy();
 
-        public abstract void setFrom(T value, @Nullable MinecraftServer server);
+        public abstract void setFrom(T value, @Nullable ServerLevel level); // CraftBukkit - per-world
     }
 
     interface VisitorCaller<T extends GameRules.Value<T>> {
